© The Soul of Education
Rachael Kessler ASCD 2000
Who We Are
Clicking on a name will bring you to his or her biographical information.
Staff
|
Rachael Kessler |
Founder and President Operations Manager Administrative Assistant |
Board of Directors
|
David Brand |
President
|
Advisory Board
Theoretical Foundations and History of our Work:
A Unique approach to Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)
The activities of the PassageWorks Institute have grown out of an innovative approach to social and emotional learning (SEL) developed by Institute founder Rachael Kessler. Since its inception in the mid-1980s, this model has integrated the emotional, social, and spiritual development of students with their academic learning.
During the 1990’s Kessler worked closely with Daniel Goleman and SEL researchers to rigorously define this field that built upon Howard Gardner’s recognition of the importance of “intrapersonal” (emotional) and “interpersonal” (social) intelligence.
Goleman’s concept of “emotional literacy” refers to the discovery that the emotional and social skills of children can be cultivated as part of the school curriculum, and that doing so enhances cognitive learning and personal resiliency in the face of change and challenge.
At the same time that Goleman’s research demonstrated that EQ was a greater predictor of academic and life success than IQ, the fields of brain research and learning theory demonstrated the essential role of the emotions in motivation and learning.
“ Emotion drives attention, attention drives memory, and memory drives learning,” wrote Robert Sylwester in his groundbreaking summary of the application of brain research to learning.
During this period, Kessler began to work more broadly to increase awareness among educators of the nature of and need for development of the inner life in children and adolescents, and to provide training to foster such development in schools. In 1997, Kessler co-authored a book with eight researchers from the Collaborative for the Advancement of Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) entitled Promoting Social and Emotional Learning: Guidelines for Educators. This planted her firmly in the leadership circle of theorists in the SEL movement.
Kessler’s own book, The Soul of Education: Helping Students Find Connection, Compassion and Character at School (ASCD, 2000), provided a practical and inspirational evocation of the principles and methods that make the PassageWorks model unique and distinct within the field of SEL. Sent to over 110,000 educators by its publisher, this book (and the model it describes) has received endorsements by educators from across the spectrum of political and religious belief.
As her work drew more attention, Kessler realized the need to create an organization that could expand the model’s impacts. The PassageWorks Institute was “birthed” in 2002 by Kessler along with a group of colleagues and advisors in Boulder, Colorado out of a collective desire to effect change in mainstream education at a much broader and deeper level. The Institute received its IRS Determination Letter confirming 501(c)(3) status in spring 2003.
Additional information on the PassageWorks model and its theoretical foundations can be found in the Resources section.
PassageWorks Staff Biographies
Rachael Kessler,
Founder and President
Recognized by Daniel Goleman as a “leader in a new movement for emotional literacy,” Kessler has developed a framework for nurturing the inner life of students and teachers that honors the interests of educators, parents, and policy-makers. Her groundbreaking book, The Soul of Education: Helping Students find Connection, Compassion, and Character at School (ASCD 2000), was distributed to over 110,000 educators worldwide. Her work has been endorsed by educators across the spectrum of religious and political belief, progressive to conservative, fundamentalist to agnostic. Howard Gardner wrote that her “examination of the quest for meaning among today’s adolescents is both daring and needed.”
“I wish I would have had the information found in The Soul of Education during the 20 years I served in public education,” wrote Forrest L. Turpen, Executive Director of Christian Educators Association International. “ I believe Rachael Kessler has found the missing links to educational reform. Public education does have a soul.”
Rachael presents, facilitates, and conducts professional and curriculum development for educators both nationally and internationally. Whether addressing administrators in Beijing or San Bernardino, coaching teachers and leading transition groups for students in Boulder, or working with political or civic leaders including the U.S. Congress, Rachael fosters the safety and skills that invite people to communicate from their depths and nurture meaningful connections.
Kessler worked throughout the 1990’s to create a framework and a language that could allow educators to welcome and nurture students’ quest for meaning, connection and integrity, building character and excellence in ways that foster compassion for themselves and for the people and world around them. Responding to a hunger in educators and parents for a genuine transformation of teaching and learning, Kessler and her colleagues founded the Boulder-based PassageWorks Institute in 2001.
Mark Wilding, Executive Director
Mark Wilding is the new Executive Director of PassageWorks Institute. Mark is the former Director of the Marpa Center for Business and Economics at Naropa University where he taught graduate courses in leadership and systems thinking. Mr. Wilding joined Naropa in 1994, and previous to founding the Marpa Center, his roles at the university included Director of Advancement, Administrative Director of Environmental Studies and Human Resources and Systems Officer. Mark helped found a public computer software company in 1985 and served on the board and in several roles until he left as President in 1993. In 1977 Mark served as Assistant to the Mayor of Utica, N.Y. He has a B.S. in Biology and an M.A. in Environmental Leadership. Mark serves as Vice President of the board of CORE Colorado’s Education Fund for Corporate Social Responsibility.
Laura Weaver,
Associate Program Director
Laura has worked for over fifteen years in the field of education and social service. As the current Associate Program Director at the PassageWorks Institute, she serves as a facilitator in the classroom, acts as a mentor for teachers implementing the PassageWorks model, collaborates on curriculum writing, and coordinates with teachers and schools interested in PassageWorks programs. Laura has taught the PassageWorks program with multiple 5th grade classes and Newcomer high school students. A published poet, Laura holds a MA degree in English/Creative Writing from CU Boulder.
Elizabeth Amore, Operations Manager
Liz Amore serves as the Operations Manager for PassageWorks. New to the field of education, Liz worked for seven years for a family-owned contruction-based business as office manager. She also served on the board of The Community Associations Institute in Sarasota, Florida for several years where she chaired committees and helped to organize large-scale fundraising events. Liz attended Univeristy of Florida in Gainesville.
Kate Aspinall, Administrative Assistant
Kate serves as an
Administrative Assistant for PassageWorks. After Kate’s recent
graduation from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, she has been
working towards her ambition of becoming a professional fine artist.
Since her move to Colorado she has worked as an after-school art
teacher, a legal assistant and recently a guest lecturer at the
University of Colorado Denver through her involvement in the Rocky
Mountain Women’s Institute. Within PassageWorks Kate helps the smooth
functioning of the business’s administrative needs.
Board of Directors Biographies
David
Brand
Principal, Soulstice Consulting
Soulstice is a coaching and consulting firm that facilitates exploration and transformation by inspiring individuals and groups to bridge heaven and earth. David is the manager and part owner of Gold Lake Mountain Resort and Spa, a sacred retreat facility 25 miles west of Boulder, Colorado. He also serves as the Associate Director of the Integral Finance Center of Integral University. Prior to his current endeavors, David led nonprofit organizations for 25 years. Most recently he was CEO of End-of-Life Choices. He has held leadership positions with the Financial Planning Association, the Institute of Certified Financial Planners, the Colorado and Denver Bar Associations, and Continuing Legal Education in Colorado. He is a former partner in Community Frontiers, a consulting firm which guided the emergence of extraordinary new realities for nonprofit organizations. David1s passion is to bring a group together around a common purpose grounded in principles of community, self-organization, steward leadership, and living strategy. He is a facilitator, healer, and coach.
Ivan
Duran (Secretary)
Director of Instructional Technology, Aurora Public Schools
Ivan has been in education for seventeen years. In his current role as a director he works to ensure students and teachers develop the necessary skills and knowledge to become technology literate to compete in the changing world. Prior to his current position, Ivan was an elementary school principal at Sable Elementary School in Aurora. In his role as principal, Ivan worked to develop and sustain an instructional program that assisted all students in making growth as learners. In addition, teacher training and development that led to instructional leadership was a central focus of his efforts. Before becoming principal of Sable, Ivan was the assistant principal at Crawford Elementary School in Aurora. He has also worked in Jefferson County Schools and Denver Public Schools as an Instructional Technology Specialist. In that role, he worked with schools to create and implement technology plans, developed district wide training programs for teachers, and worked with individual classroom teachers to implement technology into their classrooms. Ivan's career began as a fifth grade classroom teacher at Beach Court Elementary School in Denver. He graduated from Metropolitan State College with a Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education in 1990. He earned his Master's Degree in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Colorado at Denver in 1995 and his license for Educational Administration in 1996 from the University of Denver.
Gordon
Dveirin
Organizational Development Consultant, President Dveirin &
Associates
Gordon’s organizational consulting firm has consulted to a host of public and private sector clients over the past twenty years, including the Smithsonian Institution, Adolph Coors Corp., Hewlett-Packard, the United States Air Force, and Regis University. He is strategic architect of the new, three-year national demonstration and research project PassageWorks-CoPER Demonstration and Research Project”) in Colorado, which focuses on advancing the spiritual growth of students through caring pedagogy and rites of passage at key school transition points. He is also the designer and director of a collaborative action-research inquiry by the Women’s Vision Foundation into “Fully Human Leadership.” Mr. Dveirin received his Ed.D. in Organizational Development and Psychology from the University of Northern Colorado.
Shawna
Friedman (Treasurer)
Development Director, Rose Community Foundation
Shawna moved to Colorado from Virginia where she worked for Congressman Allen of Maine on energy and environment issues. Prior to her work on Capital Hill, Shawna worked for the Natural Resources Defense Council, a national environmental group. Shawna attended Vassar College. She is thrilled to help support the work of PassageWorks Institute.
Rachael
Kessler
Founder and Author The Soul of Education,
See bio above in Staff Biographies.
John
Lainson
Financial Manager
John is a Financial Manager for RBC Dain Rauscher, and has been in the money management business for 26 years. He has a BA from Hastings College and a Masters of Arts in Teaching from Antioch College. John has served on numerous for-profit and not-for-profit boards over the past number of years - most recently for: The Boulder Waldorf Foundation, Friends of The Boulder Waldorf Foundation, Growing Gardens, Anam Chara, The Bridge Advisory Board and Windrose Academy. John began his professional life working in public mental health in Nebraska and taught middle school in the early 70s. After a stint as a part owner of a manufacturing business, he became a financial professional in 1981. His early encounters with both the mental health and educational field began a life long interest in the cultural response to meeting the needs in those areas. John is drawn to PassageWorks because of the unique and critical voice PWI has in the larger forum of rethinking public education.
Jennifer
Walton
Jennifer¹s work experience spans thirty-five years in the wellness and personal growth industries. Her background as a consultant and director includes developing spa and wellness programs for five-star properties, like Miraval Resort and Cal-A-Vie, producing global symposiums, and consulting for non-profit educational institutes. As a producer and creative director of Dreaming The New Dream; Choices For a Positive Future, her global symposiums with the United Nations and Cousteau Society, were used as models for CNN¹s original positive news programs, Earthbeat and Future Focus. Jennifer has produced and hosted a live radio talk show on wellness and spirituality, and created Emerging Worlds, a web resource center for patients and medical professionals researching treatment protocols for chronic illnesses affecting personal and global health. Jennifer holds a Master¹s Degree in Psychology, a Bachelor¹s Degree in Nutrition, and certifications in Biofeedback, Yoga, and Voice Dialogue Communication Skills. Her passions are wellness for all, bringing hope to our youth, promoting sustainability, community, and peace in the world.
Erica
Shafroth
Therapist, Educator, Artist, Mother of Three
Erica is co-founder of Mothers Acting Up , a movement to mobilize the gigantic passionate and political strength of mothers, (and others) on behalf of the world's children while also having founded In My Own Voice, an organization designed to bring health and authentic voice to teenage girls while transitioning to womanhood. Erica is presently working in middle and high schools bringing authentic conversation to the classroom; while, cultivating leadership and community connection. Erica is committed to the work of transforming education and the culture of schools. She believes that encouraging authenticity and deeper personal awareness will replace complacency and fear. She also believes that we are nurturing a generation of new leaders youth who are connected at a deeper level to their spirit or true nature, and thus their innate connection to the global family. She holds a MA in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University, San Francisco, CA.
Advisory Board Biographies
Angeles Arrien
Founder and President, Angeles Arrien Foundation for Cross-Cultural
Education and Research and a Fellow at the Institute of Noetic Sciences
Dr. Arrien’s research and teaching have focused on values and beliefs shared by humanity cross-culturally, and on the integration and application of multi-cultural wisdoms in contemporary settings. She teaches universal components of leadership skills, communication, health care, and education. Her work reveals how indigenous wisdoms are relevant in our families, professional lives, and our relationship with the Earth. She is the author of The Four-Fold Way™: Walking the Paths of the Warrior, Teacher, Healer and Visionary, published by HarperCollins, San Francisco and Signs of Life: The Five Universal Shapes and How to Use Them, winner of the 1993 Benjamin Franklin Award.
Alexander
W. Astin
Founding Director, Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA
Dr. Astin is Allan M. Cartter Professor Emeritus of Higher Education at UCLA and is the author of 20 books and some 300 other publications in the field of higher education. Dr. Astin has been a recipient of awards for outstanding research from 10 national associations; a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1967-68); and a recipient of eleven honorary degrees. The Journal of Higher Education has identified Dr. Astin as the most frequently-cited author in the field of higher education. In 1985 readers of Change magazine selected him as the person "most admired for creative, insightful thinking" in the field of higher education. Dr. Astin is currently principal investigator (with H. S. Astin) on a national study of spiritual development among undergraduates at 230 higher education institutions. His latest book is Mindworks: Becoming More Conscious in an Unconscious World.
Joan
Borysenko, Ph.D.,
President, Mind/Body Health Sciences
Dr. Borysenko is trained as a medical scientist and is also a licensed psychologist. She received her doctorate from the Harvard Medical School where she also completed post-doctoral fellowships in cancer cell biology, behavioral medicine, and psychoneuroimmunology. She was the co-founder and former director of the Mind/Body clinical programs at the Beth Israel/Deaconess Medical Center in Boston and a former Instructor in Medicine at the Harvard Medical School. A pioneer in integrative medicine, her work encompasses mind/body medicine, life balance, creativity, women’s issues, relationship-centered healing and spirituality. Her popular column, Staying Centered, appears monthly in Prevention magazine. She is the author of eleven books.
Peter
Cobb
Consultant & Former Executive Director, Council for Spiritual and
Ethical Education (CSEE)
Editor of a forthcoming book to be published by Peter Lang on Spirituality and K-12 education in America, Peter is widely regarded as a speaker and facilitator on issues regarding the moral climate of schools and the moral and spiritual education of children. He has worked for decades as an administrator and consultant to independent schools.
Dee
Dickinson
CEO & Founder, New Horizons for Learning
Dee has been a school administrator and has taught at all levels from elementary school through university. She has produced several series for educational television and has produced nine international conferences on education. Dee serves on a number of local, national, and international boards including the University of Washington's College of Education, KCTS TV, People of America Foundation, National Urban Alliance for Effective Education, Teachers Without Borders, Child Research Net (Japan), and The Learning Forum/SuperCamp. She is a Fellow of the George Lucas Educational Foundation and of the International Corporate Learning Association. She is an internationally recognized speaker, author and consultant to educational organizations.
Maurice
Elias, Ph.D.
Professor, Psychology, Rutgers University & Leadership Team Vice
Chair, CASEL
Maurice’s latest books include Emotionally Intelligent Parenting (2000), Raising Emotionally Intelligent Teenagers (2002), Building Learning Communities with Character: How to Integrate Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (ASCD, 2002), and Bullying, Peer Harassment, and Victimization in the Schools: The Next Generation of Prevention (Haworth, 2004).
Jeannette Gerzon
Organization Development Consultant
Jeannette Gerzon is an Organizational Consultant, coach, and facilitator. Her work includes meeting facilitation, individual and team coaching, consulting services, and teaching communications skills and leadership and supervisory competencies. She is a licensed psychologist and received her doctorate from Harvard University. AT MIT she has held the positions of Assistant Dean for Student Affairs and Institute Advisor on Pre-professional Education. Her current appointment at MIT is Organization Development Consultant. She works on behalf of both for- and non-profit organizations and divides her time between MIT and independent consulting and teaching.
Julie
Glover
Organizational Development Consultant
Julie has 25 years of program development and executive experience in non-profit, human service organizations. She was co-founder and Program Director of The Door, a large, multiservice youth development program for adolescents in New York City. Julie was awarded the Temple Award for Creative Altruism by The Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS). Julie currently consults with institutes and foundations to design, convene and facilitate conferences and gatherings relating to issues of spirituality, service, community and the emerging wisdom society.
Mark
T. Greenberg, Ph.D.
Director, Prevention Research Center for the Promotion of Human
Development, Penn State University
Mark conducts research on the effectiveness of innovative models of preventive intervention, including the effectiveness of school-based curricula for improving the social, emotional and cognitive competence of elementary-aged children. He is also an investigator for the Fast Track Prevention Program, a comprehensive program (focusing on children, families, and youth) that aims to prevent violence and delinquency in adolescents. Additionally, he is working to develop an understanding of how risk and protective factors operate to place children at risk for aggression and other conduct problems.
Tobin
Hart, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Psychology, State University of West Georgia
& Founder & Board Chair, The Childspirit Institute
Childspirt is a nonprofit educational and research hub dedicated to understanding and nurturing the spiritual world of children. Tobin’s two latest books are The Secret Spiritual World of Children and From Information to Transformation: Education for the Evolution of Consciousness.
Mutima
Imani
Consultant and Trainer, Innovations
International
Mutima is dedicated to creating positive solutions and effective training for organizations. Her areas of expertise are organizational development, management training, and diversity training. Mutima is widely known for providing emergency intervention and conflict resolution services particularly where incidents are racially motivated. Additionally, she is the President of the California Displaced Homemaker Network, a nonprofit women's organization concerned with economic and employment issues for women. Mutima is the Regional Representative, Region IX, for Women Work - The National Network for Women's Employment.
Janice
Jackson, Ed.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Special
Education, Curriculum and Instruction; and the Department of
Educational Administration. Lynch School of Education, Boston College
Janice is a faculty member in the Leadership for Change Program in the Carroll School of Management. Prior to coming to Boston College, Janice was the Deputy Superintendent for the Boston Public Schools. During the first term of the Clinton administration she served as deputy Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education for the U.S. Department of Education. Dr. Jackson has held several positions with the Milwaukee Public Schools in Wisconsin. Her last position with them was the Coordinator of School Based Management.
Susan Keister
Susan is an author, speaker, and facilitator with over 25 years experience in international curriculum and professional development in the areas of social and emotional learning, character education, positive prevention, and service-learning. For over twenty years, she led the development of the acclaimed K-12 Lions-Quest programs, which have been awarded CASEL SELECT and a CSAP Model Program designation. She currently serves as the international program and professional development specialist for the Service-Learning Life Skills Network and Lions Clubs International Foundation and leads the Lions-Quest international training team. She works with educators and programs in over 22 countries, advises major national education organizations, and is a Fellow of the Fetzer Institute in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Linda
Lantieri
Director, Project Renewal
Linda is founding Director of the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) of Educators for Social Responsibility which supports the program in 400 schools in the United States. Director of the New York Satellite Office of the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). She is co-author of the book, Waging Peace in Our Schools (Beacon Press, 1996) and editor of the book Schools With Spirit: Nurturing the Inner Lives of Children and Teachers (Beacon Press, 2001).
Michael
Lerner, Ph.D.
Founder and President, Commonweal Institute
Commonweal is a health and environmental
research institute in Bolinas, California that also provides programs
for at risk children and youth. Michael is the co-founder of the
Commonweal Cancer Help Program and the author of
Choices in Healing: Integrating the Best of Conventional and
Complementary approaches to Cancer.
Thomas
Likona, Ph.D.
Director, Center for the 4th and 5th Rs (Respect and Responsibility)
SUNY, Cortland
In addition to directing the Center for the 4th and 5th Rs, Dr. Lickona is a noted developmental psychologist and professor of education at the University. Past president of the Association for Moral Education he received the Sandy Lifetime Achievement Award from the Character Education Partnership. He is also the author of Educating for Character, which has been called "the bible of the character education movement”.
Lynnaea
Lumbard Ph.D.
Transformational
Psychologist, an Ordained Interfaith Minister, a Wilderness Guide, and
a Writer
For over thirty years, she has been a workshop conductor in the field of depth psychology and conscious evolution. In 1986, she co-founded Temenos Associates in San Francisco, offering a wide range of psycho-spiritual workshops in the Bay Area, New England, New York and Washington, D.C. In 1995, she co-founded Naos Foundation with her husband, Rick Paine, guiding wilderness quests and co-creating a four-year Mystery Training based on the Native American Medicine Wheel. She is a community weaver, a social change catalyst and a spiritual and environmental activist currently working through the Threshold Foundation, One Spirit Interfaith Seminary, the Archives and Research Center on the campus of Pacifica Graduate Institute, and the Tipping Point Network. She shares her time between Whidbey Island, Washington, and Cortes Island, British Columbia.
Ron
Miller
Founder & President, Foundation for Educational Renewal
A leading historian and commentator on alternative education Ron is on the faculty of the Education department at Goddard College in Vermont. He is the author or editor of eight books, and the founder of two journals on holistic educational alternatives, including the journal “Paths of Learning” which explores alternative perspectives on teaching, learning, and human development.
Pamela
Seigle,
Founder & Executive Director, Reach out to Schools: Social
Competency Program
Reach Out to Schools is a social-emotional learning program based at the Stone Center at Wellesley College and is currently being implemented in over 240 elementary schools. At the core of the Program is a belief in the importance of relationships to both social-emotional and academic learning.
Cliff Shaffran
Quicksilver International
Founder and Chairman of The Quicksilver Group. In the 90s, Cliff developed the breakthrough concept of ‘thinking learning communicating“’ as an integrated process and as core methodology for making more creative and collaborative decisions. An Australian citizen, Cliff and Quicksilver work globally with corporations and NGOs on designing and facilitating the key meetings that develop and implement their strategies. Cliff is a student of human performance and is currently utilizing the latest research on mind/heart physiology for developing new practical applications and tools for advancing the cross-cultural ‘meeting’ process. He is a martial arts black-belt holder and co-author of ‘Your Mind at Work’.
John
Steiner
Netweaver, Activist, Organizer, and Philanthropist
John’s passion is bringing together people, ideas, projects and money around common cause. He has been a founding member and leader of the Threshold Foundation and a founding member of the Social Venture Network. He is a co-founder of GEMS, Green Economic Movement/Marketing Strategies, which employs entrepreneurial skills to intervene in the market place and is building a consumer/producer movement on behalf of a more ecologically sustainable economy. He is the founder and director of Creative Philanthropy Associates.
Peggy
Taylor, MA
Co-Founder, Power of Hope
Peggy brings rich experience in holistic education, the arts, non-profit organizational management and publishing to her creative work with youth. She is co-author of Chop Wood, Carry Water: A Guide to Finding Spiritual Fulfillment in Everyday Life and was co-founder of New Age Journal where she was editor-in-chief for fourteen years. Peggy is a creative development specialist with a Masters of Education in creative arts in learning.
Roger
P. Weissberg, Ph.D.
President, CASEL
Roger is a Professor of Psychology and Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He has designed, implemented, evaluated and written about school-based social and emotional learning programs for children and youth for 30 years.
Our Supporters
At PassageWorks we are extremely grateful to all of our supporters, financial and otherwise, who have embraced our work and provided the resources to make it possible. We thank you all.
Foundation and Organizational Supporters
Anonymous
Altman Foundation
Boulder Valley School District - Substance Abuse Prevention Program
Boulder Valley School District - Office of Language and Literacy
Carson-Pfaffin Foundation
City of Boulder Youth Opportunities Board
Compton Foundation
Cricket Island Foundation
Dunnecliff Foundation
Foundation for Educational Renewal
Kalliopeia Foundation
Pajwell Foundation
Philanthropic Collaborative
Records-Johnston Family Foundation
Rose Foundation
Schramm Family Foundation
Sorenson Family Foundation
Starry Night
Tides Foundation
Virginia Wellington Cabot Foundation
Weaver Family Foundation
Whitman Institute
© Copyright 2001-2007 PassageWorks
Institute, Inc.
2355 Canyon Blvd. Suite 104, Boulder, CO 80302, Telephone
303.247.0156
Email info@PassageWorks.org
Website Transformative
Designs
Staff
Board of Directors
Advisory Board
Demonstration and Research
Curriculum Development
Building a Faculty
Outreach
Building Infrastructure
Theoretical Foundations and History of our Work
Biographies
Our Supporters
Foundation
